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Below are the instructions for installing the turtlebot and gazebo on a 14.04 flavor of Ubuntu with ROS Indigo. This combination seems to have the most support and is relatively stable. Don't miss the 'pyqt4-dev-tools', several others have.
The instructions also assume that you are using a catkin workspace, which you definitely should get familiar with (see these tutorials). Tutorials 1-3 are very useful for the time being; don't worry about Tutorial 4.
The procedure below only includes dependencies that arenot immediately apparent from compiler error messages. You will likely need to install others packages/dependencies, but should be able to figure out what they are from the messages. Here goes:
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo/ubuntu-stable `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gazebo-stable.list' wget http://packages.osrfoundation.org/gazebo.key -O - | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ros-$ROS_DISTRO-gazebo7-ros-pkgs pyqt4-dev-tools cd {your catkin workspace}/src git clone https://github.com/turtlebot/turtlebot_simulator.git -b indigo git clone https://github.gatech.edu/ivabots/kobuki_desktop.git -b indigo cd .. catkin_make